Nosferatu, A Symphony of Horror (1922)
Directed by F.W. Murnau
Audio/Visual: silent film, b&w
Runtime: 82 mins
Source: Internet Archive
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Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens (”A Symphony of Horrors” in German) is a German Expressionist film originally shot in 1922 by F.W. Murnau. He had wanted to film a version of Bram Stoker’s Dracula, but his studio was unable to obtain the rights to the story. Murnau decided to film his own version and made only slight changes to the story. The resultant movie has many similarities to Stoker’s original tale.
“Dracula” became “Nosferatu” and the names of the characters changed, with Count Dracula changed to Count Orlok. The role of the vampire was played by Max Schreck. Other major actors in the film were: Gustave Von Wagenheim, Greta Schroeder, Alexander Granach
Stoker’s estate sued for copyright infringement and won. The court ordered all existing prints of Nosferatu destroyed, but a number of copies of the film had already been distributed around the world. These prints were then copied over the years, resulting in Nosferatu gaining a reputation as one of the greatest movie depictions of the vampire legend.
This was the first, and last, film of the production company Prana-Film GmbH. With all prints and negatives ordered destroyed they declared bankruptcy rather than pay compensation to Florence Stoker, Bram Stoker’s widow.
With the influence of producer and production designer, Albin Grau, the film established one of two main lines of vampire depiction in movies. The “Nosferatu-type” is a living corpse with rodent features (especially elongated fingernails and incisors), is associated with rats and plague and can only be defeated by a virgin sacrifice; he is neither charming nor erotic but totally repugnant. The victims usually die and are not turned into vampires themselves.
The more common other line is the “Dracula-type” (established by Lugosi and perpetuated by Lee), a charming aristocrat adept at seduction and turning his victims into new vampires.
Parts of the film allegedly showing Transylvania were filmed in Slovakia, e.g. Nosferatu’s castle is the Orava castle in northern Slovakia.
Murnau’s Nosferatu is in the public domain, and copies of the movie are widely available on video — usually as poorly transferred, faded, scratched video copies that are often scorned by enthusiasts. However, pristine restored editions of the film have also been made available, and are also readily accessible to the public.
Contrary to popular opinion, the word “nosferatu” does not mean “vampire”, “undead”, or anything else like that. The term originally came from the old Slavonic word “nosufur-atu”, which itself was derived from the Greek “nosophoros”. “Nosophoros”, in the original Greek, stands for “plague carrier”. This derviation makes sense when one considers that amongst western European nations, vampires were regarded as the carriers of many diseases. — wikipedia
Directed by F.W. Murnau
Screenplay by Henrik Galeen, After the novel by Bram Stoker
Costume Design by Albin Grau
Produced by Enrico Dieckmann and Albin Grau
Art Direction by Albin GrauPrincipal Cast in order of appearance with their Nosferatu character names and the original Bram Stoker names.
Greta Schroeder …. Ellen Hutter (Mina Harker)
Gustav von Wangenheim …. Hutter (Jonathan Harker)
Alexander Granach …. Knock (Renfield)
Ruth Landshoff …. Lucy Westrenka
G.H. Schell …. Westrenka
Guido Herzfeld …. Innkeeper
Max Schreck …. Graf Orlok/Dracula
John Gottowt …. Professor Bulwer (Van Helsing)
Max Nemetz …. Captain
Wolfgang Heinz …. First mate
Karl Etlinger …. Sailor
Albert Venohr …. Sailor
Heinrich Witte …. Sailor
Hardy von Francois …. Doctor in Hospital
Gustav Botz …. Dr. Sievers, Town Doctor
Additional Reading: Six degrees of Nosferatu

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